Policy Mapping 2
21st agosto 2025
Definitions and Indicators
National (or subnational) documentation, policies and/or protocols
A firewall exists between healthcare services and immigration authorities
Available/Yes: There are legally enforceable protections against the disclosure of individually-identifiable health and immigration data, including HIV status and immigration status, to immigration authorities
Unavailable/No: There are no legally enforceable protections against the disclosure of individually-identifiable health and immigration data, including HIV status and immigration status, to immigration authorities
There is a national policy that contains the right to health for all
Available/Yes: The national constitution includes the right to health
Unavailable/No: The national consitution does not include the right to health
National HIV Plan
National HIV Plan: most recent year updated
Available/Yes: Year
Unavailable/No: Year
National HIV Plan: includes migrants as a key population
Available/Yes: The national HIV plan or strategy identifies migrants as a key population
Unavailable/No: The national HIV plan or strategy does not identify migrants as a key population
National HIV Plan: includes undocumented migrants as a key population
Available/Yes: The national HIV plan or strategy identifies undocumented migrants as a key population
Unavailable/No: The national HIV plan or strategy does not identify undocumented migrants as a key population
There is a national policy for the 4th 90/framework for measuring HIV-related quality of life
Available/Yes: National policy contains culturally competent measurements for HRQOL
Unavailable/No: National policy does not contain culturally competent measurements for HRQOL
There is a national anti-HIV stigma in healthcare policy or initiative
Available/Yes: There is a national anti-HIV stigma in healthcare policy or initiative
Unavailable/No: There is no national anti-HIV stigma in healthcare policy or initiative
Cultural competency training is available in healthcare settings
Available/Yes: Healthcare providers have access to cultural competency training in healthcare settings
Unavailable/No: Healthcare providers do not have access to cultural compentency training in healthcare settings
Professional interpreter services in healthcare settings are available when needed
Available/Yes: There is a national policy to provide professional (not family or friends) interpreters in healthcare settings when needed
Unavailable/No: There is no national policy to provide professional (not family or friends) interpreters in healthcare settings when needed
National teams report Dublin Declaration data on migrants to ECDC: most recent year data submitted and number of CoC steps reported on
Available/Yes: Year and number of steps
Unavailable/No: Year and number of steps
Clinical and treatment policies
Primary prevention – PrEP: available through NGOs and community-based organisations
Available/Yes: National policy allows NGOs or community-based organisations to provide PrEP
Unavailable/No: National policy does not allow NGOs or community-based organisations to provide PrEP
At least one type of PrEP has received national regulatory approval
Available/Yes: At least one PrEP regime has received regulatory approval by national authorities
Unavailable/No: No PrEP regime has received regulatory approval by national authorities
Treatment: ART available through NGOs and community-based organisations
Available/Yes: National policy allows NGOs or community-based organisations to provide ART
Unavailable/No: National policy does not allow NGOs or community-based organisations to provide PrEP
Diagnosis: Differentiated service delivery – testing
Diagnosis: Differentiated service delivery – testing: allows for community-based HIV testing by lay providers/community workers
Available/Yes: Community-based HIV testing by lay providers/community health workers is an approved national policy
Unavailable/No: Community-based HIV testing by lay providers/community health workers is not an approved national policy
Diagnosis: Differentiated service delivery – testing : allows for HIV self-testing
Available/Yes: Self-testing is an approved national policy
Unavailable/No: Self-testing is not an approved national policy
Diagnosis: Differentiated service delivery – testing: allows for home testing
Available/Yes: Home testing is an approved national policy
Unavailable/No: Home testing is not an approved national policy
HIV continuum of care for migrants
Primary prevention – PrEP
Primary prevention – PrEP: migrants able to access
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows migrants to access PrEP at the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow migrants to access PrEP at the same level as citizens
Primary prevention – PrEP: undocumented migrants able to access
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows undocumented migrants to access PrEP at the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow undocumented migrants to access PrEP at the same level as citizens
Primary prevention – PrEP: free for migrants at the point of care
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows migrants to access PrEP for free at the point of care to the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow migrants to access PrEP for free at the point of care to the same level as citizens
Primary prevention – PrEP: free for undocumented migrants at the point of care
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows undocumented migrants to access PrEP for free at the point of care to the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow undocumented migrants to access PrEP for free at the point of care to the same level as citizens
Primary prevention – Condom distribution programmes
Primary prevention – Condom distribution programmes: include migrants
Available/Yes: National condom distribution law/policy allows migrants to access condoms at the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National condom distribution law/policy does not allow migrants to access condoms at the same level as citizens
Primary prevention – Condom distribution programmes: include undocumented migrants
Available/Yes: National condom distribution law/policy allows undocumented migrants to access condoms at the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National condom distribution law/policy does not allow undocumented migrants to access condoms at the same level as citizens
Secondary prevention – PEP
Secondary prevention – PEP: migrants able to access
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows migrants to access PEP at the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow migrants to access PEP at the same level as citizens
Secondary prevention – PEP: undocumented migrants able to access
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows undocumented migrants to access PEP at the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow undocumented migrants to access PEP at the same level as citizens
Primary prevention – PEP
Primary prevention – PEP: free for migrants at the point of care
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows migrants to access PEP for free at the point of care to the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow migrants to access PEP for free at the point of care to the same level as citizens
Primary prevention – PEP: free for undocumented migrants at the point of care
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows undocumented migrants to access PEP for free at the point of care to the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow undocumented migrants to access PEP for free at the point of care to the same level as citizens
Diagnosis: Testing – HIV testing
Diagnosis: Testing – HIV testing: migrants
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows migrants to access HIV testing at the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow migrants to access HIV testing at the same level as citizens
Diagnosis: Testing – HIV testing: undocumented migrants
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows undocumented migrants to access HIV testing at the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow undocumented migrants to access HIV testing at the same level as citizens
Diagnosis: Testing – HIV testing: free for migrants
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows migrants to access HIV testing free at the point of care at the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow migrants to access HIV testing free at the point of care at the same level as citizens
Diagnosis: Testing – HIV testing: free for undocumented migrants
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows undocumented migrants to access HIV testing free at the point of care at the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow undocumented migrants to access HIV testing free at the point of care at the same level as citizens
Diagnosis: Testing – STI testing
Diagnosis: Testing – STI testing: migrants
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows migrants to access STI testing at the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow migrants to access STI testing at the same level as citizens
Diagnosis: Testing – STI testing: undocumented migrants
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows undocumented migrants to access STI testing at the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow undocumented migrants to access STI testing at the same level as citizens
Diagnosis: Testing – STI testing: free for migrants
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows migrants to access STI testing free at the point of care at the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow migrants to access STI testing free at the point of care at the same level as citizens
Diagnosis: Testing – STI testing: free for undocumented migrants
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows undocumented migrants to access STI testing free at the point of care at the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow undocumented migrants to access STI testing free at the point of care at the same level as citizens
Linkage to care
Clear pathways for migrants
Available/Yes: National law/policy creates clear pathways to confirmatory testing, treatment initation and ongoing care for migrants
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not create clear pathways to confirmatory testing, treatment initation and ongoing care for migrants
Clear pathways for undocumented migrants
Available/Yes: National law/policy creates clear pathways to confirmatory testing, treatment initation and ongoing care for undocumented migrants
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not create clear pathways to confirmatory testing, treatment initation and ongoing care for undocumented migrants
Treatment: ART
Treatment: ART: migrants able to access
Available/Yes: Undocumented migrants are able to access ARVs for free at the point of care to the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: Undocumented migrants are not able to access ARVs for free at the point of care to the same level as citizens
Treatment: ART: undocument migrants able to access
Available/Yes: Undocumented migrants are able to access up-to-date first-line ARVs per national policy/law to the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: Undocumented migrants are not able to access up-to-date first-line ARVs per national policy/law to the same level as citizens
Treatment: ART: migrants able to access for free
Available/Yes: Migrants are able to access ARVS for free at the point of care to the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: Migrants are not able to access ARVS for free at the point of care to the same level as citizens
Treatment: ART: undocument migrants able to access for free
Available/Yes: Undocumented migrants are able to access ARVs for free at the point of care to the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: Undocumented migrants are not able to access ARVs for free at the point of care to the same level as citizens
Treatment
Treatment: initiated for migrants regardless of CD4 count
Available/Yes: Migrants are eligible to start ART regardless of CD4 count according to national guidelines
Unavailable/No: Only migrants whose CD4 count falls below a certain threshold are eligible to start ART
Treatment: initiatied for undocumented migrants regardless of CD4 count
Available/Yes: Undocumented migrants are eligible to start ART regardless of CD4 count according to national guidelines
Unavailable/No: Only undocumented migrants whose CD4 count falls below a certain threshold are eligible to start ART
Treatment: at least once per year viral load and CD4 count monitoring for migrants
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows for at least once per year viral load and CD4 count monitoring for migrants
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow for at least once per year viral load and CD4 count monitoring for migrants
Treatment: at least once per year viral load and CD4 count monitoring for undocumented migrants
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows for at least once per year viral load and CD4 count monitoring for undocumented migrants
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow for at least once per year viral load and CD4 count monitoring for undocumented migrants
Treatment: free viral load and CD4 count monitoring at least once per year for migrants for free
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows migrants to access, at least once per year, viral load and CD4 count monitoring for free
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow migrants to access, at least once per year, viral load and CD4 count monitoring for free
Treatment: free viral load and CD4 count monitoring at least once per year for undocumented migrants for free
Available/Yes: National law/policy allows undocumented migrants to access, at least once per year, viral load and CD4 count monitoring for free
Unavailable/No: National law/policy does not allow undocumented migrants to access, at least once per year, viral load and CD4 count monitoring for free
Care
Care: primary healthcare is available to migrants
Available/Yes: National laws/policy allows migrants to access primary healthcare at the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National laws/policy does not allow migrants to access primary healthcare at the same level as citizens
Care: primary healthcare is available to undocumented migrants
Available/Yes: National laws/policy allows undocumented migrants to access primary healthcare at the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National laws/policy does not allow undocumented migrants to access primary healthcare at the same level as citizens
Care: screening for age-related and NCDs (e.g. cardiovascular disease, etc.) available to migrants
Available/Yes: National lay/policy on comorbidity prevention, treatment and management allows migrants to access care at the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National lay/policy on comorbidity prevention, treatment and management does not allow migrants to access care at the same level as citizens
Care: screening for age-related and NCDs (e.g. cardiovascular disease, etc.) available to undocumented migrants
Available/Yes: National lay/policy on comorbidity prevention, treatment and management allows undocumented migrants to access care at the same level as citizens
Unavailable/No: National lay/policy on comorbidity prevention, treatment and management does not allow undocumented migrants to access care at the same level as citizens
Last updated
Last updated in 2025. If you notice a mistake in our data, please contact us at mihealth@africadvocacy.org. We want to hear from you.
Abbreviations
FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
For the purposes of this resource, documented migrants include: foreign nationals holding visas (e.g. work, student, family reunification, etc.), tourists, naturalised citizens, refugees, and asylum seekers.
For the purposes of this resource, undocumented migrants are those who do not have a valid visa or other form of documentation demonstrating that they fulfil the conditions of entry for that country.
Though other tools exist, to our knowledge none are focused exclusively on policies that govern access to HIV prevention, testing, treatment and care for documented and undocumented migrants. We sought to make the data publicly available, with the hopes that it leads to targeted advocacy efforts for policy reforms as well as increased awareness amongst policymakers and the general public about the challenges that migrants face.
Migrants can use this tool to better understand their rights and entitlements to HIV-related healthcare, based on their immigration status. Policy- and decisionmakers, nongovernmental organisations and other interested stakeholders can use this to inform their advocacy efforts for greater migrant inclusion in HIV-related healthcare, to identify gaps and barriers to evidence-based policy, as accountability tool to hold governments accountable for implementing their adopted policies consistently throughout countries, and to evaluate how policy impacts migrant health in their countries.
Though migration and healthcare policy is incredibly complex and ever-changing, countries included in our tool can naturally learn from and share effective approaches with one another. Furthermore, policy in one country tends to impact other countries, as both migrants and health conditions cross borders.
We used a scale of 1 – 5:
- 5: Essential or Critical – life-saving or absolutely necessary for access to care; without this indicator, the health outcome or migrants’ ability to access care would be severely compromised
- 4: Very important – strongly impacts access to testing, treatment or care; not always life-saving on its own, but has a major effect on public health
- 3: Important – contributes significantly to prevention, access, or continuity of care; medium-level importance compared to essential services
- 2: Supportive – helpful for improving the healthcare system or patient experience; indirect but still relevant for access and quality of care
- 1: Complementary – adds value but not directly linked to immediate HIV-related health outcomes; more about governance, rights, or systemic support
Indicators were selected by migrant community representatives and reviewed by stakeholders, to ensure relevance with the lived experiences in our communities. Final wording for indicators was decided by Africa Advocacy Foundation.
Main sources included: UNAIDS Laws and Policies Analyticst, the Asylum Information Database, the UNHCR, the HIV Policy Lab and the Migrant Integration Policy Index. Additional sources included national HIV plans/programmes, legal documents and country-specific sources when necessary.
As such, this tool reflects the formally adopted policies and procedures of each country. While we recognise that a migrant very likely may have a different experience when actually trying to access HIV-related healthcare, we believe that cataloguing the formal policy is important; policies reflect priorities and guide resource allocation.
We are grateful to ViiV Healthcare for their support of this project.
De todas as formas de desigualdade, a injustiça na saúde é a mais chocante e a mais desumana.Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.






